All these species are used for fighting colds and influenza. Selective pruning will be required to make the mexican elderberry into a tree though grazing animals do this regularly in a wilder setting. It is the largest known tree of its species in the country as reported to american forests. Sambucus mexicana information from the smithsonian flora of the hawaiian islands information about sambucus mexicana in hawaii is available from the smithsonian flora of the hawaiian islands. Select from img where ready1 and genre plant and taxon sambucus mexicana order by taxon click on the thumbnail to see an enlargement. Although no specific mention has been seen for this species, the leaves and stems of some, if not all, members of this genus are poisonous. Native to california this deciduous shrub or tree is drought tolerant but looks better if given moderate water. Sambucus nigra seeds collected from the very best cultivars of the dark, narrow leaved forms of the fragrantflowered elder such as black lace. It can grow in semishade light woodland or no shade. The species is hermaphrodite has both male and female. Sambucus is a genus of flowering plants in the family adoxaceae. Blue elderberry is a beautiful shrub, or tree, that produces edible fruit and is loved by wildlife. Peman garcia and others published sambucus nigra l sambucus racemosa l find, read and cite all the research you need on researchgate.
The most frequent use of elder is to stimulate sweating in dry fevers. This tree is native to europe, though it is widely grown in many other parts of the world as well 1. Instead, choose something like the cutleaved sambucus which is attractive, about a quarter of the price and much easier to grow. In 1644, anatomia sambuci, a 273page book about elders many uses, was written by dr. It typically occurs on streambanks, moist woodlands, thickets, fence rows and roadsides throughout the state of missouri. The various species are commonly called elder or elderberry.
Common names include elder, elderberry, black elder, european elder, european elderberry, and european black elderberry. Mexican elderberry or tapiro,sambucus mexicana is a deciduous shrub to tree with butter yellow flowers in apr. Sambucus canadensis and sambucus nigra, the edible. It was previously divided into sambucus coriacea, sambucus orbiculata, sambucus velutina, and sambucus caerulea munz 1968. Selective pruning will be required to make the mexican elderberry into a tree though grazing animals do. Click on a characteristic from the list below to see a list of other plants that share that characteristic.
Elderberry, mexican sambucus mexicana, packet of 30. Provided by usda nrcs wetland science institute wsi. Plant propagation protocol for sambucus nigra black elderberry esrm 412 native plant production photograph from source 1 taxonomy family names family scientific name. Nursery availability from cnplx this plant is available commercially. Common along streambanks and in open places in forest, widespread in california floristic province and desert mountains. However, it is not a legal authority for statutory or regulatory purposes. The genus was formerly placed in the honeysuckle family, caprifoliaceae, but was reclassified as adoxaceae due to genetic and morphological comparisons to plants in the genus adoxa. It produces blue berries in clusters which can be used in pies and for making wine. Sambucus nigra is a species complex of flowering plants in the family adoxaceae native to most of europe and north america. The attractive white or creamy white flowers are followed by clusters of bluishblack berries that can be. The university of north carolina botany department.
Mar 08, 2018 the most common type is sambucus nigra, also known as the european elderberry or black elder. Taxonomically, there have been recent changes in this elderberry species. It is the largest known tree of its species in the country as reported. Sambucus article about sambucus by the free dictionary.
If you would like to wake up to the sound of happy birds then be sure to plant one. Mexican elder sambucus mexicana american forests national tree register, species. The attractive white or creamy white flowers are followed by clusters of bluishblack berries that can be used to make wine, pies and jam. Sambucus canadensis, commonly called american elder, is native to eastern north america. This elderberry is native to canyons, valleys west of sierra nevada form oregon to baja and east to west texas. Itis taxonomy is based on the latest scientific consensus available, and is provided as a general reference source for interested parties. The sambucus canadensis and sambucus nigra species of elderberry, are well known for their immunity boosting properties, however, they have other traditional uses as well. Berries were dried and stored for winter then boiled. Pdf the objective of the monograph was the pharmacological and toxicological characterization of sambucus nigra subspecies canadensisl. Fairly common in riparian zones as a component of mesquite bosques mostly at elevations above 800 m in the sonoran desert of arizona. Mexican elderberry in the sonoran desert arizonensis. The fruit of many species although no records have been seen for this species has. The most common type is sambucus nigra, also known as the european elderberry or black elder.
This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure or prevent any disease. Sambucus mexicana information from the global compendium of. About the american elderberry and black elderberry. Plants profile for sambucus nigra cerulea blue elderberry. It has light green foliage and large clusters of cream colored flowers in late spring. Arizona elderberry, american elder, sweet elder, wild elder, flor sauco, tree of music. Sambucus mexicana is a deciduous shrub growing to 1 m 3ft 3in.
Elderberry is a plant closely rooted to human development. These statements have not been evaluated by the food and drug administration. Pdf caracteristicas, manejo, usos y beneficios del sauco. Summer a deciduous tree with which grows quickly and leafs out early. Large flat clusters of creamy white flowers in spring and summer followed by bunches of edible blueblack berries. Media in category sambucus cerulea the following 48 files are in this category, out of 48 total. Most opengrown specimens do not reach this height as they grow wider than tall. The benefits of elderberries sambucus nigra and sambucus. Media in category sambucus canadensis the following 65 files are in this category, out of 65 total. The genus sambucus is composed of about 30 species, native to north america, asia, europe, northern africa, the west indies and the andean region of south america.
This was later translated from latin into english in the 1650s and. Flowers were soaked and the wash was used for a skin conditioner. It grows in a variety of conditions including both wet. Mexican elderberry or tapiro, sambucus mexicana is a deciduous shrub to tree with butter yellow flowers in apr. Information on california plants for education, research and conservation, with data contributed by public and private institutions and individuals, including the consortium of california herbaria. I am most interested in the antiviral protein that has been discovered in sambucus nigra but people swear by sambucus cerulea and canadensis, perhaps also sambucus mexicana, which some say is the same as s. Sambucus mexicana mexican elder pfaf plant database. Benefits of elderberries sambucus nigra and sambucus canadensis. This document is enh738, one of a series of the environmental horticulture department, ufifas extension. Plant propagation protocol for sambucus nigra black. This champion mexican elder of arizona made its debut on the national register of champion trees in 20. Physical description low, spreading tree with thick, gnarled and twisted trunk and light green leaves. Sambucus mexicana may refer to the following north american black or blue elderberry species. This species is known in some floras as sambucus mexicana.
The cahuilla, indians of the colorado desert, the jacinto and san bernardino mountains, used elderberry for food, medicine, dye and to make whistles. Our native blue elderberry often seen on banks above rivers and streams. Definitions of terms are available in the gcw introduction. The juice of the berries is the part most frequently used. This tree is native to europe, though it is widely grown in. Honeysuckle caprifoliaceae hardy to zone 6 to 11 mexican elderberry, tapiro deciduous shrub to small tree native to canyons and valleys west of the sierra nevada from oregon to baja. Hosted by the usgs core science analytics and synthesis. While every effort has been made to provide the most reliable and uptodate information available, ultimate legal requirements with respect to species are contained in. This shrub grows in rounded, convex fashion, producing large clusters of cream to white flowers, which ripen to edible berries in the summer.
Pdf on jan 1, 2007, franklin mairura and others published. Seedlings will vary, with less than half having dark or very dark foliage, and pink or dark pink flowers. The genus was formerly placed in the honeysuckle family, caprifoliaceae, but was reclassified as adoxaceae due to genetic and morphological comparisons to plants in. Sambucus mexicana information from the global compendium. Sambucus mexicana mexican elder environmental horticulture. Elderberry plants are both ornamental and functional. The species is hermaphrodite has both male and female organs and is pollinated by insects. The fruit of many species although no records have been seen for this species has been known to cause stomach upsets to some people. They are naturalized in areas the word sambucus is the classical latin name, believed to be from the greek name of a stringed musical instrument made of the wood. This lowmaintenance plant is native to north america and provides multiple seasons of beauty with clusters of dainty, creamy white blooms, which are followed by an abundance of small berries. The institute of food and agricultural sciences ifas is an equal opportunity institution authorized to provide research, educational information and other services only to individuals and institutions that function with nondiscrimination with respect to race, creed, color, religion, age, disability, sex, sexual orientation, marital status, national origin, political opinions or affiliations.
Occasionally used in landscaping in tucson and phoenix, arizona. Sambucus mexicana caprifoliaceae hear species info. Creamy yellow flowers in flat topped clusters followed by blue berries. Hippocrates wrote about it, as did dioscorides and culpepper.
These compounds are well known free radical scavengers, reported. It is a deciduous, somewhat sprawling, suckering shrub that typically grows to 512 tall. The fruit is adored by birds, while bees and other native pollinators. Sambucus mexicana mexican elderberry california gardens.
Sambucus mexicana is native throughout the west coast states and in each of the states across our southern border as well. Presented here is summary information about the species sambucus mexicana from the global compendium of weeds, and citations of references to this species as a weed. It has been determined that the elderberry of this region is more properly designated mexicana, so that is the name we will use. Watson2 introduction mexican elder is a semievergreen small tree, reaching up to 30 feet in height fig. A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext. Fast growing deciduous shrub or small tree 8 to 25 ft.
Page designed through the cooperative efforts of interagency itis teams. Large flat clusters of creamy white flowers in spring and. It is unclear whether plants on the mainland called s. There are no related plants for species sambucus mexicana. Sambucus mexicana s foliage color is green and type is deciduous. Elderberry, mexican sambucus mexicana, packet of 30 dried. Sep, 2007 presented here is summary information about the species sambucus mexicana from the global compendium of weeds, and citations of references to this species as a weed.
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